Robert d



(No Model.)

. R. "D. HAINES.

MARINE LENS.

No. 447,727 Patented Mar. 3, 1891.

UNITED STATES ATENT Enron.

ROBERT D. IIAINES, OF CORNING, NEIV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE OORNING GLASSIVORKS, OF SAME PLACE.

MARINE LENS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 447,727, dated March 3,1891.

Application filed September 13, 1890. Serial No. 364,844. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT D. HAINES, a citizen of the United States,residing at Oorning, in the county of Steuben and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Marine Lenses; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in marine lenses, or in lenses ofthat class which is designed for signaling; and the object of myimprovement is to provide a lens superior to those of said class now inuse in the following particulars, namely: It is a lens more easilymanufactured, more perfect in construction, with an equal amount ofstrength in the projection of the light. It is protected from blows onthe zones, and is therefore more durable, and when flashed a much betterpiece of work. It can be fire-polished to a much better advantage, anditis novel in 0011- struction, as will be hereinafter pointed out in theclaims. I attain said object by a novel construction fully described inthis specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is a perspective View of a section of my lens. Fig. 2 isa view of my lens in a cylinder form.

A designates a cylindrical lens, which may be constructed in sections orsegments a, or in a complete cylinder, as desired. The concave or innersurface a'is divided into zones 1, 2, and 3. The zones 1 and 2,respectively, are provided with the angular or prismatic horizontalgrooves or furrows (L The central zone 3 is convex transversely and hasa smooth surface. The outer or convex surface as of the lens is likewisesmooth.

As my invention pertains to the mechanical novelty and the improvedresults arising therefrom both mechanically and optically, which will behereinafter set out, it would be useless to enter into an explanationconcerning the optical principle which applies to the construction andarrangement of said zones. Suffice to say to any one familiar withoptics it will be readily observed that they are in accordance withscientific principles and the laws of reflection and refraction.

I attach special importance to my invention for the following reasons:

First. The lens is more likely to be perfect in construction for thereason that in annealing it will not get out of shape so readily as theold design.

Second. It is a much better piece of work when flashed, because theconcentric circles that form on the old style of lens in molding can befire-polished away. In the old style of lens the zones, being moldedupon the out side surface, causes an almost infinite number ofconcentric circles, which look like cracks, to appear embedded in theglass upon the inner side of the lens. This is very detrimental to thelens from an optical standpoint and interferes with the rays ofreflection and refraction, thereby destroying the efficiency of the lensfor the purpose designed. As these concentric circles are upon the innerside of the lens, which is cylindrical in form, it is impossible toreach the same with a view of fire-polishing them away. Byfire-polishing I mean exposing to a very hot or rosin fire, which meltsoff all uneven surfaces and makes the surface exposed susceptible of avery high degree of reflection. It is evident that as the zones in theold style of lens were formed upon the outside surface it would beimpossible to expose the same to fire without melting away anddestroying the efficiency of the prismatic grooves or furrows, whichwould of course render valueless the lens. This, then, is one of themain advantages of my lens over the old style, and itis obvious that itproduces a decidedly improved result, not only mechanical but optical.

Third. Another important result mechanically is accomplished by havingthe zones 1 2 3 upon the inner or concave side, because said zones arethereby protected from blows which occasion chipping and fractures,often destroying completely their efficiency. By having the zones on theinner side only the smooth surface is exposed.

lVhat I claim as new, and desire 'to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A cylindrical lenshavinga slnoothouter cave or inner surface with thehorizontal surface provided upon its concave or inner zones 1 2 3, thezones 1 and 2 having the an- 15 surface with the angular or prismatichorigular or prismatic horizontal grooves or furzontal grooves orfurrows, substantially as derows and the zone 3 being transversely con-5 scribed, and for the purpose set forth. vex and smooth, substantiallyas described 2. A section of a cylindrical lens having a and set forth.smooth outer surface, provided upon its con- Intestirnony whereof Iallix my signature in 20, cave or inner surface with the angular orprispresence of two Witnesses. matic horizontal grooves or furrows,substany i 1 ro tially as described, and for the purpose set ROLERLforth. v \Vitnesses:

A cylindrical lens or section having a ELLSWORTH D. MILLS, smooth outersurface, provided upon its con- CHARLES l1. IIoUGH'roN.

